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> (2011) High Performance Datacenter Networks, Architecture, Algorithms, Opportunities
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(2011) High Performance Datacenter Networks. Architecture, Algorithms, and Opportunities

Synthesis Lectures on Computer Architecture
Источник: http://bnrg.cs.berkeley.edu/~randy/Courses/CS294.S13/2.2.pdf

QUOTE
5.3   NON-MINIMAL ROUTING
Minimal routing minimizes the hop count but when network congestion occurs, taking a non-minimal route can sometimes reduce the network latency. In addition, for adversarial traffic patterns, better load-balancing of the channels can be achieved with non-minimal routing and result in
higher network throughput.In this section,we describe an oblivious non-minimal routing algorithm (Valiant’s algorithm [66]) and several different adaptive non-minimal routing algorithm including Universal Globally Adaptive routing algorithm (UGAL) [58].

5.3.1  VALIANT’S ALGORITHM (VAL)
VAL routing [66] uses randomization and non-minimal routing to exploit the path diversity of a topology and achieve load-balancing. VAL is a two-phase routing algorithm with a random node in the network initially selected. In the first phase, minimal routing is used to route the packet to the intermediate node. Once the packet reaches the intermediate node, in the second phase, the packet is routed to  the destination. If the random node happens to be either the source or the destination, VAL degenerates into minimal routing as only one phase of the VAL routing is needed.

By using randomization to load-balance the traffic, high throughput can be achieved on adversarial traffic patterns as VAL can provide optimal performance on adversarial traffic pattern, or 50% throughput of capacity [63]. However, by converting all traffic pattern into two phases of uniform random traffic, VAL causes higher zero-load latency and loss of traffic locality. Thus, on benign traffic pattern such as uniform random traffic, network throughput is reduced by a factor of 2 compared to minimal routing. In the following sections, we discuss how adaptive routing can be used to adaptively decide between minimal and nonminimal routing to maximize performance to overcome the limitations of VAL routing.


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CHAPTER 6. Scalable Switch Microarchitecture

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6.4  HIERARCHICAL CROSSBAR ARCHITECTURE

To overcome the high cost (area) associated with the fully buffered crossbar, a hierarchical switch architecture can significantly reduce the amount of intermediate buffers required [42]. A block diagram of the hierarchical crossbar is shown in Figure 6.6.


Figure 6.7: (a) Block diagram of the Cray YARC router and (b) die photo (courtesy Cray Inc).



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ЗЫ. См: http://bnrg.cs.berkeley.edu/~randy/Courses/CS294.S13/ - Учебный курс "CS294-87: Datacenter Networking and the New Converged Internet" (2013)

QUOTE
Topics to be Covered

    Future Internet/Cloud Computing Survey
    High Performance Interconnects
    Datacenter Traffic
    Datacenter Topologies
    Wireless and Optical in the Datacenter
    Addressing, Routing, Scheduling
    Datacenter Transport
    Datacenter Network Performance
    Software-Defined Networking for Datacenter Control
    Storage Networking and Virtualization
    4G and Beyond Cellular Data Networking
    New Converged Internet: Datacenter + SDN Control + Cellular Data Network


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