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> (2020) Most efficient solar panels 2020
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VAL
Дата 6.02.2020 13:39
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(2020) Most efficient solar panels 2020
Источник: https://www.cleanenergyreviews.info/blog/mo...nt-solar-panels
Автор: Jason Svarc

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Solar Panel Efficiency

Solar panel efficiency is a measure of the amount of solar energy (irradiation) which falls on a panel surface and is converted into electricity. Due to many recent advances in solar cell technology, the average panel conversion efficiency has increased from 15% to 20%. This large jump in efficiency resulted in the average power of a standard size solar panel to increase from 250W to 330W.

As explained below, panel efficiency is determined by two main factors; the photovoltaic (PV) cell efficiency, based on the cell design and silicon type, and the total panel efficiency, based on the cell layout, configuration and panel size.


QUOTE
Cell Efficiency

The cell efficiency is determined by the cell structure and base silicon material used which generally either P-type or N-type. Cell efficiency is calculated by what is known as the fill factor (FF) which is the maximum conversion efficiency of a PV cell at the optimum voltage and current.

The cell design plays a significant role in panel efficiency. Key characteristics include silicon type, wafer size, number of busbars and finger layout. The higher-cost IBC cells are currently the most efficient (20-22%), due to the high purity N-type silicon cell base and no losses from busbar/finger shading. However, recent mono PERC cells and the latest heterojunction (HJT) cells have achieved efficiency levels well above 20%.


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Panel Efficiency

Total Panel efficiency is measured under standard test conditions (STC), based on a cell temperature of 25°C, solar irradiance of 1000W/m2 and Air Mass of 1.5. The efficiency value is calculated by the output power rating divided by the total panel area. Efficiency can be further influenced by several factors including, cell efficiency, the distance between the cells, and the interconnection of the cells.

Surprisingly, even the colour of the panel protective backsheet can affect efficiency. A black backsheet might look more aesthetically pleasing, but it absorbs more heat and increases cell temperature, which in turn slightly reduces total conversion efficiency.


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VAL
Дата 6.02.2020 13:44
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Real world efficiency

In real world use the panel operating efficiency is dependent on a number of external factors listed below which can add up to greatly reduce both panel and overall system performance:

Factor which effect solar panel efficiency and performance

    Cell temperature

    Shading

    Panel orientation

    Location (latitude)

    Time of year

    Dust and dirt


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Дата 28.02.2020 09:55
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